Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Exposed


Exposed



Flash photography brought a whole new meaning to the saying, ‘A picture is worth a thousand words’.

Looking at works by Arthur Fellig, ‘Weegee’ and Kohei Yoshiyuki, the exposure of these photographs give us a greater depth of the story that surrounds the subject in the image. The flashlight over exposes the whole scene, essentially turning the light on the surrounding context, making what is normally invisible, visible. 

Weegee brought out a book called ‘Naked City, 1945. This is a documentary book of Weegee’s images up to the mid 1940’s. 

Weegee, a freelance photojournalist documented images for tabloid attention. He worked by himself, cruising the streets of New York using a 4 by 5 Speed Graphic camera with a Kodak Ektar lens in a Supermatic Shutter with flash attachment to highlight a scene for the next breaking news storey. He used the boot of his car as a dark room, processing the print before selling it to the local papers. 

Instead of the usual ten foot shot other tabloid photographers would take, Weegee would sometimes take a shot a hundred feet away so as to get the whole scene, dramatising and at the same time humanising the story. An Example of this is the Picture he shot in Little Italy, 10 Prince Street, Balcony Seats at a murder. 






Weegee’s Images gives us a view of New York's urban life throughout the depression years.  He gave the viewer the shock value of raw cuts taken from crime scenes, murders, car crashes, drunks falling asleep on pavements.
















Alongside the tabloid snaps Weegee also picked up on the after hours social life NewYork had to offer in the1930’s and 1940’s. It seems he could never put the camera down, even in movie theatres. He seems to be checking out how far he can push going undercover, makinghimself become invisible. This maybe down to the use of using infrared  flash, capturing these young couples kissing in Movie theatres without them or anyone else for that matter noticing, or else it was too late for anyone to do anything as the shot had already been taken.





Weegee’s  images are relative to the works by Kohei Yoshiyuki, another nocturnal photographer. 

Yoshiyuki, a japanese commercial photographer, is known for his ‘The Park’ series of voyeuristic images taken from Chuo Park, Shinjuku, Japan.

Like Weegee, Yoshiyuki portrays a different  side to Japanese culture  that no one would expect to see.

These events were first witnessed by Yoshiyuki when he was a young photograher walking home with a colleague through Chuo Park in the early 1970’s.

He tried to take pictures of what was happening but it was too dark, so he went back with two colleagues with a kodak  infrared flashbulb unit. 

He had to become friends with all the voyeurs in the different parks for approximately six month before he could take pictures of the their creepy fetish behaviour towards couples in the park at night.

His images give us the feeling that we are following behind him whilst he is following the voyeurs. This feeling is portrayed in the exhibition that was held at the Yossi Milo Gallery in Chelsea. The exhibition comprised of life size images with gallery lights off. The images were shown to the viewer by the viewer holding a flashlight, making them feel like a Yoshiyuki whilst taking the pictures in the dark.

‘I wanted people to look at the bodies an inch at a time’
























Yoshiyuki and Weegee tested the parameters of privacy as much as the voyeurs do. This is due to their hidden camera. taking illicit and intimate pictures without their subject knowing. The act of exhibiting and publishing of these public/ private moments is what pose difficult questions to what is private and whether we should go along with whats being revealed or do we reject it. It is how the paparazzi work today, recording public and private hidden moments of a subject without them knowing, giving their audience a chance to see the unseen.










Monday, April 29, 2013

the world is in colour… and there is nothing we can do about it


“the world is in colour… and there is nothing we can do about it”
William Eggleston


Green Dress, 1970



William Eggleston's exhibition at MOMA in 1976 is widely considered to be the tipping point in the eventual acceptance of colour photography as a legitimate artistic medium. 

Inspired by the visual arts, he has since gone on to inspire a generation of artists with his visceral and vivid colourful depictions of the everyday.

The following is an introduction to a proposed study into Eggleston's relationship with colour and its influence on contemporary visual arts under a number of themed headings.


1. The Process


Any discussion relating to Egglesoton and colour has to include, or even start with, his discovery of the dye transfer process in 1972.

The dye transfer process had been used for the commercial printing of magazines and advertisements up to that time. It involved the separation of three color negatives, made by photographing the original negative with black & white film through three filters (red, green and blue).  The separations were in turn soaked in organic dyes of yellow, magenta and cyan.  The separations would then be meticulously aligned and rolled on to paper.  



The process allows the photographer to obtain higher saturation in nominated colour fields (e.g. red)  without affecting the rest of the colours in the image; a new level of control only provided in recent times by the emergence of digital photography.

Eggleston's work and career was now transformed.  Colour was now not just part of the picture but it was the picture.  A photographer's palette, traditionally limited to the colours that the landscape in front of the camera provided, was now opened up.   

"That is what got me interested. I would look at these advertisements say in Vogue…and I kept thinking, 'I wonder what Eggleston would look like in this process?'”
William Eggleston

The dye transfer process now allowed a certain level of influence and control over the colours presented; providing Eggleston with the medium to truly capture and depict the world he was seeing.  It allowed him to approach the photographic image in some way like a painter may approach a canvas.  The objectivity of the subject now subjected to the colours of Eggleston.  The dye transfer process helps Eggleston inject the ordinary with a heightened level of colour, intensifying the atmosphere and tension in in the frame.  

"It's the observation of the artist that makes the picture great, and the dye-transfer process is a revealing tool [for] his observation of how extraordinary this world is."
Jeff Rosenheim 

"I don’t think anything has the seductivity of the dyes…by the time you get into those dyes it doesn’t look at all like the scene, which in some cases is what you want”



It was also this abstraction of colour that turned what could be deemed photography into art. We were no longer seeing the world through the eyes of a photographer but through that of an artist.

"Art is man's constant effort to create for himself a different order of reality from that which is given to him"
Chinua Achebe


2. Moving Colour

It has been put forward that the advent of the moving picture had a formative influence on the cubist art movement (Glimcher) and that the earliest films of the Lumière Brothers and Georges Méliès, with their inherent movement, sense of time and multi angle perspective, were influential on the works of Picasso and Bracques.

Similarly, movies had an informative affect on the works of William Eggleston.  His images stand as stills from a feature movie.  Their vibrancy, unique glimpsing point of view, framing, sharpness and vividness all contribute to a sense that what we see is part a bigger picture. We often imagine panning further outside his frame, mentally drawing the wider context of his subject matter.




It is in motion picture's advancement in colour technology that appealed most to the work of Eggleston.  The Technicolor process involved the production of three colour negatives and employed actual lithographic printing dyes to produce the rich, over saturated but vivid colours that movies from the period of the 1930s to the mid 1970s were so distinctively memorable.

It comes as no surprise that this striking colour exuberance appealed to Eggleston.

“...it was in North By Northwest that I first discovered how well color can be used”
William Eggleston


Selection of Frames from North by Northwest (Alfred Hitchcock, 1959)


The Red Balloon, Albert Lamorisse, 1956

Eggleston was highly influenced by the prevalence of colour in movies and would subsequently  inspire a generation of American directors in his use of colour to depict the ordinary in America.

The works of Gus Van Sant, David Lynch and Sofia Coppola, to name but a few, have all used Eggleston's approach to colour in their portrayal of "strange" and "disturbing" America.


left, Elephant, Gus Vant Sant, 2003

left, The Virgin Suicides, Sofia Coppola, 1999

left, Twin Peaks, David Lynch, 1990

3. The Colour Red

 "when you look at the (red) dye it is like red blood that's wet on the wall...."
William Eggleston

There is an underlying eeriness to Eggleston's images, none more so when red is used as the predominant colour.

Eggleston's "Red Ceiling" photo, along with "Greenwood Moose Lodge", were his first dye photos and illustrated the full power of his discovered process. It stimulates with its intensity and unsettles with emotional connotations. Eggleston reveals what is not revealed in the frame. His use of lines, be it electric wires or door frames makes us draw the rest of the room and what might be unfolding within.





Eggleston continued to use red throughout his work in very different forms and ways.






4. Everyday Colour


There are many quoted and noted artistic influences on Eggleston's work including: Degas, Andy Warhol, Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns, Edward Hopper, Chardin, Duchamp and Ed Ruscha.

Edward Ruscha said of Eggleston's work, "When you see a picture he’s taken, you’re stepping into some kind of jagged world that seems like Eggleston's World.”

In some ways "Eggleston's World" is not too dissimilar to the world created by Edward Hopper.  There exists an unsettling, jarring undertone in both their depictions of the everyday.  There also exists this cinematic notion that there is more to their images either temporally or physically.  Then there is their mutual understanding of colour and how it can bring the mundane to life.

British author Geoff Dyer once theorised to that Hopper 'could claim to be the most influential American photographer of the twentieth century—even though he didn't take any photographs.'


Gas, Edward Hopper, 1940
Morning Sun, Edward Hopper, 1952

Untitled, Huntsville, Alabama, 1971